Consulting Editor
JOHN A. KELLUM, MD, MCCM
Professor, Critical Care Medicine, Medicine, Bioengineering and Clinical and Translational Science, Director, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Vice Chair for Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Editors
MARIE R. BALDISSERI, MD, MPH, FCCM
Professor of Critical Care Medicine and Neurocritical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
MARY JANE REED, MD, FACS, FCCM, FCCP
Director of Biocontainment Unit, Director of Neuroscience ICU, Departments of Critical Care Medicine and General Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
RANDY S. WAX, MD, MEd, FRCPC, FCCM
Staff Intensivist, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Director, Academic Affairs, Lakeridge Health, Associate Professor, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Regional Director, Clinical Education, Lakeridge/Durham Clinical Hub, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
Authors
NEILL K.J. ADHIKARI, MSc
Associate Professor, Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
AMADO ALEJANDRO BAEZ, MD, MSc, MPH
Department of Emergency Medicine/Center for Operational Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Postgraduate Studies, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
MICHAEL D. CHRISTIAN, MD, MSc, FRCPC
Research and Clinical Effectiveness Lead, London’s Air Ambulance, Bart’s Health NHS Trust, Helipad, Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
TIMOTHY M. DEMPSEY, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
MICHAEL A. DEVITA, MD, FCCM, FRCP, FACP
Professor, Internal Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Harlem Hospital, New York, New York, USA
JEFFREY R. DICHTER, MD
Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Associate Professor, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
DAVID J. DRIES, MSE, MD
Chair, Department of Surgery, Regions Hospital, HealthPartners Medical Group, Professor of Surgery and Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
SHARON EINAV, MSc, MD
Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine and Director of Surgical Intensive Care, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
ROBERT A. FOWLER, MS (Epi)
Professor, Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
JAMES GEILING, MD, MPH
Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA; Medical Service, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
MARYA GHAZIPURA, PhD(c), MS
Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
RAMON E. GIST, MD
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
MITCHELL HAMELE, MD, LTC
Department of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
JORGE HIDALGO, MD, MACP, MCCM
Head of the Division of Critical Care, Karl Heusner Memorial Hospital, Belize, Central America
TANZIB HOSSAIN, MD, MS
Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellow, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
CHRISTINA M. JAMROS, DO
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
DAVID A. KAPPEL, MD, FACS
Clinical Professor of Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Deputy Medical Director, WVOEMS, West Virginia State Trauma System, Wheeling, West Virginia, USA
PETER KIIZA, MBChB, DTM&H
Research Fellow, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
NIRANJAN KISSOON, MD
Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children, UBC, Clinical Investigator, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
STEPHANIE C. LAPINSKY, BSc, MD
Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
STEPHEN E. LAPINSKY, MB BCh, MSc, FRCPC
Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
RYAN C. MAVES, MD
Program Director, Infectious Diseases Fellowship, Faculty Physician, Critical Care Medicine Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
ERIC MELNYCHUK, DO
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
BUSHRA MINA, MD, FCCM, FCCP, FACP
Director of Fellowship Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, New York, USA
RASHMI MISHRA, MD
Pulmonary Critical Care Physician, The Lung Center, Penn Highlands Healthcare, DuBois, Pennsylvania, USA
MICHAEL JAMES ELLETT MONSON, LCDR
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
SARAH MULLIN, BSc(candidate)
Student, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
ALEXANDER S. NIVEN, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
MALY ORON, MD
Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, New York, USA
JOHN S. PARRISH, MD
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
SHALIN PATEL, MD
MedStar Georgetown University Hospital/MedStar Montgomery Medical Center, Olney, Maryland, USA
MICHAEL POWERS, MD, LCDR, MC, USN
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Director, Pulmonary Function Test Lab, Assistant Program Director, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellowship, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
MARY JANE REED, MD, FACS, FCCM, FCCP
Director of Biocontainment Unit, Director of Neuroscience ICU, Departments of Critical Care Medicine and General Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
VALERIE BRIDGET SATKOSKE, MSW, PhD
Assistant Professor, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, West Virginia, USA
GILBERT SEDA, MD, PhD
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
ALFRED G. SMITH, DO
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
KOREN TEO, BScPHM, MHSc
Captain, Canadian Forces Health Services Group, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
MACIEJ WALCZYSZYN, MD
Director, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Flushing Hospital Medical Center, Flushing, New York, USA
RANDY S. WAX, MD, MEd, FRCPC, FCCM
Staff Intensivist, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Director, Academic Affairs, Lakeridge Health, Associate Professor, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Regional Director, Clinical Education, Lakeridge/Durham Clinical Hub, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
FREDERIC S. ZIMMERMAN, MD
Department of Intensive Care, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
